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What is one of the common issues addressed at Layer 1?

  1. Data encryption

  2. Protocol management

  3. Cabling problems

  4. Session control errors

The correct answer is: Cabling problems

Layer 1 of the OSI model, also known as the Physical Layer, deals with the actual physical connection between devices. This includes the hardware technologies involved in transmitting data over a medium, such as cables, switches, and other transmission equipment. One of the most prevalent issues addressed at this layer is cabling problems. These problems can include things like faulty cables, improper connections, damaged wiring, and interference from electromagnetic sources. Such issues can lead to data loss, transmission errors, or complete network failure. The other options pertain to functions that occur at higher layers within the OSI model. For instance, data encryption is typically handled at the transport layer or above, where secure protocols operate to protect data in transit. Protocol management also falls within higher operational levels, correlating with data formatting and transmission rules established for effective communication. Lastly, session control errors are related to managing sessions established between applications, which takes place at the session layer, well above the physical layer. Thus, addressing cabling problems is a clear and direct concern of Layer 1.